Ethnobotanical identification of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and other fruit trees mentioned in Old Javanese Ramayana (10th century Java, Indonesia)

Abstract. Mulyanto D, Supangkat B, Nurseto HE, Iskandar J. 2023. Ethnobotanical identification of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and other fruit trees mentioned in Old Javanese Ramayana (10th century Java, Indonesia). Biodiversitas 24: 609-616. Among the 2778 stanzas (OJR), only 46 (1.6%) trees. There are 63 phytonyms for or tree 12 (19%) them Sanskrit origin. Fifty-six species from 44 genera 26 families identified, higher than number carved reliefs Borobudur Temple. Of 56 species, 13 exotic, specifically Indian subcontinent. One exotic India that has been naturalized Java centuries is Mangifera indica, which most often text. Meanwhile, 39 expressly described as fruits can be consumed raw food/dessert. It was also found there four landscapes, namely hermitage, countryside, forest, royal garden, depict presence The forest landscape with its description. Furthermore, present depiction all landscapes indica. prevalence these probably related to fruit’s edibility well symbolic religious significance. Other trees, such Aegle marmelos, Garcinia xanthochymus, Phyllanthus emblica, Tamarindus have significance Hinduism.